Kerio Connect - Glossary

A Directory Service (AD, OD, LDAP) is a customizable information store that functions as a single point from which users can locate resources and services distributed throughout the network. This customizable information store also gives administrators a single point for managing their objects and their attributes.

DKIM is an email sender verification method designed to prevent spoofing (a fraudulent or malicious practice in which communication is sent from an unknown source disguised as a source known to the receiver). DKIM uses the Internet domain name system to validate the sender’s identity.

Exchange ActiveSync (EAS) is a protocol developed and licensed by Microsoft. EAS is designed primarily for over-the-air mobile device synchronization of email, contacts, calendars, tasks, and notes with the Microsoft Exchange server. Nevertheless, it also interfaces with other messaging systems.

In an e-mail, the body (content text) is always preceded by Email Header lines that identify particular routing information of the message, including the sender, recipient, date, and subject. Some headers are mandatory, such as the FROM, TO, and DATE headers. Others are optional, but very commonly used, such as SUBJECT and CC. Other headers include the sending time stamps and the receiving time stamps of all mail transfer agents that have received and sent the message.

Exchange Web Services (EWS) is a protocol developed by Microsoft and used by many email-based applications to enable collaborative capabilities. EWS is designed primarily for communication with Microsoft Exchange server, but can also be used with other messaging systems.

Group Policy (GP) is a feature of the Microsoft Windows NT family of operating systems that controls the working environment of user accounts and computer accounts. GP provides centralized management and configuration of operating systems, applications, and users' settings in an Active Directory environment.

Internet Mail Access Protocol (IMAP): IMAP is used by email clients to retrieve email messages from a server over a TCP/IP connection. IMAP permits complete management of an email box by multiple email clients. Therefore, clients generally leave messages on the server until the user explicitly deletes them.

Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) is the underlying technology that makes it possible for us to connect our devices to the web. Whenever a device accesses the internet, it is assigned a unique, numerical IP address such as 99.48.227.227. The process of sending data from one computer to another through the web requires transferring a data packet across the network containing the IP address of both devices.

A network trace, also called a Packet Dump, is a computer networking term for intercepting a data packet that is crossing or moving over a specific computer network.

Secure Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (S/MIME): This is the standard for email encryption and identity verification. S/MIME uses a personal certificate that is typically validated by a certificate signing authority such as Comodo and GeoTrust. An identity certificate is attached by the sender's email program to confirm their identity. If the recipient's email program also supports the S/MIME standard, they can use the sender's certificate to encrypt their reply message.

Spam rating is the procedure to test each message with all the enabled tests and filters. After testing, the next step is to assign a score/rating to the message to distinguish how safe it is. Based on the resulting spam score, Kerio Connect marks the message as spam or delivers it as a legitimate message.